- 宋文沛;施明祥;
A passive energy-dissipating device, velocity, and displacement dependent hydraulic damper (VDHD), is developed to reduce the seismic response of structure. This device is comprised of a hydraulic jack, check valve, relief valve, and throttle valve. The numerical analysis model for SAP2000 nonlinear analysis program is proposed to simulate the energy-dissipating characteristics of VDHD. The analysis results of this model compared with the seismic resistant tests reveal that this proposed model can accurately describe the actual energy-dissipating behavior of VDHD. The efficiency of VDHD is confirmed using this proposed model for carrying out numerical analyses of bare building, building added with bulking resistant bracing (BBR), and VDHD. The energy-dissipating capabilities of VDHD are performing excellent displacement and acceleration control with various ground magnitudes; being an energy absorber to absorb mechanical energy in the structure and resist structural movement; and gathering the advantage of BRB.
2008年S1期 1-6页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 830K] [下载次数：85 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：4 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 李春秋;李克非;陈肇元;
Determining the moisture influential depth in concrete under drying-wetting cycles is of great interest for investigation of chloride ion transport and thus the initiation of reinforcement corrosion. In this paper, the moisture transport processes during drying and wetting are modeled by diffusion and absorption. A predictor-corrector implicit scheme of finite difference method is used to solve the partial differential equations. The stability of moisture influential depth is then analyzed with the available numerical tool for both initially saturate and unsaturated concretes. The concept of equilibrium time ratio is proposed for drying-wetting cycles by the balance between water loss and intake during drying and wetting. According to this time ratio, drying-wetting cycles are classified into drying-dominated, wetting-dominated, and equilibrium ones. For drying-dominated cycles, the drying front will penetrate gradually into material while the influential depth is determined by wetting; for wetting-dominated cycles, the wetting front will progress into material while the influential depth is determined by drying. This classification has strong engineering implication and can give a more rational division of convection and diffusion zones of chloride ion transport. The case of concrete in marine splash zone is investigated to illustrate the application of influential depth in durability design of concrete structures.
2008年S1期 7-12页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 551K] [下载次数：167 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：14 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] -
Tangible augmented reality (TAR) technology opens a novel realm which integrates the computer-generated elements into the real word. Its applications into design education have been explored with a limi-tation to this entire area. TAR offers an innovative learning space by merging digital learning materials into the format of media with tools or objects which are direct parts of the physical space. It is therefore conceived that such combination opens new perspectives in teaching and learning. This paper presented and evaluated one TAR system to improve the pedagogical effectiveness of experiential and collaborative learning process in urban design education. The results from the experiments were analyzed under a previously developed theoretical framework, which show that TAR can enhance the design activities in some collaborative work.
2008年S1期 13-18页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 451K] [下载次数：80 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：3 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 王卓琳;林峰;顾祥林;
A two-dimensional mesoscopic numerical method to simulate the failure process of concrete under compression was developed based on the discrete element method by modifying the rigid body-spring model proposed by Nagai et al. In the calculation model, aggregates or aggregate elements inside the concrete were simplified as rigid bodies with regular polygon profiles, which were surrounded by mortar polygons or mortar elements. All of the adjacent elements were connected by springs. According to the random distribution of aggregates, the mesh was generated by using Voronoi diagram method. Plastic behavior after the elastic limit for a spring was considered to set up the constitutive model of the spring, and Mohr-Coulomb criterion was adopted to judge the failure of a spring. Simulation examples show that the proposed method can be used to predict the mechanical behavior of concrete under compression descriptively and quantitatively both for small deformation problems and for larger deformation problems.
2008年S1期 19-25页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 267K] [下载次数：155 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：20 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Tiago Martinuzzi Buriol;Sergio Scheer;
Engineers tend to use different software to perform tasks such as geometry modeling, database management, numerical analysis, and visualization. This may cause decrease of productivity and loss of information during the conversion process between different data file formats. This paper presents a computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided engineering (CAE) system integration using scientific visualization tools and techniques. It deals with the development of a 3D CAD add-in for lighting analysis which uses the CAD model as 3D interface for creating a lighting scheme, processing, and visualizing 2D or 3D illuminance fields. Visualization features as color and contour mapping were developed using the visualization toolkit (VTK) toolkit. The application integrates all functionalities of the 3D CAD with tools for light sources database management, pre-processing, processing, and post-processing of illuminance fields in a single environment. This approach increases productivity and eliminates the need for different software.
2008年S1期 26-33页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 809K] [下载次数：171 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：32 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Efe Guney;Kenneth Will;
A multifrontal code is introduced for the efficient solution of the linear system of equations arising from the analysis of structures. The factorization phase is reduced into a series of interleaved element assembly and dense matrix operations for which the BLAS3 kernels are used. A similar approach is generalized for the forward and back substitution phases for the efficient solution of structures having multiple load conditions. The program performs all assembly and solution steps in parallel. Examples are presented which demonstrate the code's performance on single and dual core processor computers.
2008年S1期 34-39页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 166K] [下载次数：45 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：2 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 李明飞;Atsushi Nakamura;蔡飞;Keizo Ugai;
It is becoming possible to do detailed numerical analyses for the various mechanical behavior of braced excavation by researching and developing the numerical analysis technique such as the finite element method (FEM). However, the mechanical behavior of braced excavation has not been clarified fully both in theory and in experience. Therefore, improving the prediction accuracy during the prior design is very important for making the observational method of braced excavation more effective. In this paper, FEM analyses were performed for a model of braced excavation by using Geotechnical Finite Element Elasto-plastic Analysis Software, GeoFEAS (2D). As the constitutive law of ground, MC-DP model, and Duncan-Chang model were applied. The results were compared and discussed with that of a site measurement, and the effects of the constitutive law of ground on the analyzed result were verified. For the difference between the results, the reason was investigated by the analyses adjusting the elastic modulus of ground, and the appropriate application of the constitutive law was researched.
2008年S1期 40-45页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 680K] [下载次数：62 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：5 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 金德印;伊藤裕二;
This paper presents the application of finite state machine (FSM) theory to the programming of nonlinear hysteretic model simulation for both known and newly created rules. The complicated reversed internal paths involved in the nonlinear relationship which not only depend on material properties, but also on load history, often confuse rule creators and scholars. In this paper, we first describe the development of past hysteretic models. Then we introduce the FSM theory conceptually, and explain how it is applied to reversed and diverse routes. Next, state definitions and procedures are explained with a specific data example using the bilinear model. Finally, the successful application to UC-win/FRAME (3D) is described and several characteristics are summarized. By using FSM's states and the linkages to represent a hysteresis model, we can quickly realize the programming of the defined complex model rules, and the nonlinear modeling becomes more efficient and feasible.
2008年S1期 46-52页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 280K] [下载次数：46 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：7 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - S. Ali Ghafari Oskoei;Ghyslaine McClure;
At present, high-speed computing capabilities and advanced nonlinear dynamic finite element procedures enable detailed dynamic analysis of cable structures. Although deterministic approaches require considerable analysis time and effort in relation to modeling, running, and data processing, they seem to be the only alternative to obtain high accuracy. Detailed dynamic analysis of cable roof networks is sophisticated and requires advanced modeling expertise. This paper presents a comparison between detailed nonlinear dynamic analysis and a simplified frequency domain approach to estimate the maximum probable response of weakly nonlinear cable roofs. The approach can be considered as alternative to detailed time-domain analysis in the preliminary design phase, or can be used to validate results obtained from more elaborated numerical models. The proposed method is illustrated with two examples of cable net roofs that were also analysed in the time domain.
2008年S1期 53-57页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 372K] [下载次数：31 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：1 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 唐方勤;张新;
The evacuation efficiency of building plans is of obvious importance to the public safety. The complexity of building plans, however, makes it difficult for the efficiency evaluation. This paper presents a computational model AutoEscape, which can simulate the evacuation process for any given occupant distribu-tion in buildings. Designed as an extensible multi-level structure, the model constructs the geometry level and occupant level and establishes the interactions between levels. The GIS-based environmental analysis is realized to automatically generate the geometric representation and formulate the cognition of agents. The multi-agent based technology is employed to simulate the crowd behaviors with autonomously acting individuals. A visualization component, which provides 3D free observations for the simulation process, is developed on the platform of OGRE and integrated into the system interface in form of ActiveX control. Finally, a case study has been conducted and the results have been compared with the results of an existing model to show the reliability and capacity of AutoEscape simulation.
2008年S1期 58-64页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 221K] [下载次数：133 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：6 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Ozgur Kurc;Semih Ozmen;
In this paper, a parallel solution framework for the linear static analysis of large structures on PC clusters is presented. The framework consists of two main steps: data preparation and parallel solution. The parallel solution is performed by a substructure based method with direct solvers. The aim of the data preparation step is to create the best possible substructures so that the parallel solution time is minimized. An actual structural model was solved utilizing both homogeneous and heterogeneous PC clusters to illustrate the performance and applicability of the presented framework.
2008年S1期 65-70页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 144K] [下载次数：32 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：2 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Moe S. Cheung;
Moving vehicle loads, associated with roadway traffic can induce significant dynamic effects on the structural behaviours of bridges, especially for long-span bridges. The main objective of current research is to study traffic induced dynamic responses of long-span box-girder bridges. The finite element method has been employed in this study to obtain a three-dimensional mathematical model for the bridge system. For vehicle-bridge dynamic interaction analysis, the vehicle is modeled as a more realistic three-axle, six-wheel system, and the corresponding dynamic interaction equations have been derived. The bridge-vehicle interaction is affected by many factors. The current study has been focused on such factors as: vehicle speed, vehicle damping ratio, multiple traffic lanes, mass ratio of vehicle and bridge, and dynamic characteristics of bridge. Case studies have been conducted to investigate these factors by using several box girder bridge examples including Confederation Bridge, the longest box girder bridge in the world.
2008年S1期 71-77页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 444K] [下载次数：156 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：12 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 沈雪松;陈武;鹿明;
We evaluate the technical feasibility of applying emerging wireless network technologies for resources tracking at building construction sites. We first identify practical constraints in solving resource-tracking problems in an enclosed or partially covered environment. We then compare pros and cons of available localization principles and examine the latest wireless communication technologies, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and ZigBee. We find that the ZigBee-based wireless sensor network and the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) localization method are most promising to tackle on-site tracking of construction resources. Finally, we anticipate some application challenges associated with deploying wireless sensor networks for resources tracking in the practical context.
2008年S1期 78-83页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 188K] [下载次数：194 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：34 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Kazuo Kashiyama;Tomosato Takada;Hideo Miyachi;
A large-scale finite element modeling, simulation and visualization for wind flows are presented. The modeling method using GIS/CAD data is employed. The stabilized parallel finite element method based on SUPG/PSPG method is employed for the analysis of wind flows. The present method is applied to the simulation of wind flow and contaminant spread in urban area. The visualization based on virtual reality is employed to evaluate the mesh quality and computational results. The computed results are qualitatively in agreement with the experimental results and actual phenomena. The present method is shown to be a useful tool to simulate the wind flows in urban area.
2008年S1期 84-89页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 1213K] [下载次数：88 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：5 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 张慰慈;谢尚贤;杨馥菱;陈俊杉;
This paper proposes a numerical scheme that employs the discrete element method (DEM) to simulate the motion of a wet granular flow down an inclined channel. To account for the liquid influences on the dynamics between paired particles, this paper presents a wet soft-sphere contact model with liquid-modified parameters. The developed scheme takes full advantage of DEM and avoids the expensive simulation of the solid-liquid interactions with conventional Navier-Stokes equation solver. This wet contact model has been implemented in an in-housed parallel discrete objects simulation system - KNIGHT and ANNE/IRIS to compute the dynamic behaviors of both dry and wet granular particles flowing down an inclined channel.
2008年S1期 90-95页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 292K] [下载次数：44 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：1 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Siegfried F. Stiemer;
Fatigue failures are often encountered in steel structures under heavy cyclic loadings. This paper presents metal fatigue problems in structural engineering using outcomes of recent advancements in numerical qualitative reasoning. Qualitative reasoning provides an effective and sound technique for solving complex and uncertain scenarios, regardless of the uncertainty or linearity of the design parameters and their constraints. This paper introduces the algorithms behind a software platform, built upon numerical qualitative reasoning for engineering applications. The software expresses the results of the analysis in variable ranges and diagrams showing a two-dimensional design space. The capability of representing design parameters and outcomes in solution spaces provides a practical way for engineers to leverage their existing knowledge and experience. Case studies in metal fatigue design are given to reflect on the capability of qualitative reasoning in engineering applications.
2008年S1期 96-101页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 284K] [下载次数：58 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Anupreet Walia;Jochen Teizer;
Construction is a dangerous business. According to statistics, in every of the past thirteen years more than 1000 workers died in the USA construction industry. In order to minimize the overall number of these incidents, the research presented in this paper investigates to monitor and analyze the trajectories of construction resources first in a simulated environment and later on the actual job site. Due to the complex nature of the construction environment, three dimensional (3D) positioning data of workers is hardly collected. Although technology is available that allows tracking construction assets in real-time, indoors and outdoors, in 3D, at the same time, the continuously changing spatial and temporal arrangement of job sites requires any successfully working data processing system to work in real-time. This research paper focuses is safety on spatial data structures that offer the capability of realigning itself and reporting the distance of the closest neighbor in real-time. This paper presents results to simulations that allow the processing of real-time location data for collision detection and proximity analysis. The presented data structures and perform-ance results to the developed algorithms demonstrate that real-time tracking and proximity detection of resources is feasible.
2008年S1期 102-107页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 187K] [下载次数：36 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：2 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 韩小雷;黄超;季静;吴建营;
Concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) diagrid structures usually have connections intersected by four oblique CFST columns. In order to investigate the performance, capacity and failure mechanism of the connections, two 1/5.5-scale specimens were tested under monotonic axial loading. The parameters in the study were the separation angle between columns. While the test was being conducted, the deflection, stress, failure pattern and capacity of the specimens were obtained and analyzed. In addition, the connection was analyzed using the general finite element analysis (FEA) software ABAQUS, with the purpose of investigating the mechanism, the weakness, the distribution of stress, and the bearing capacity of the connections. Experimental and numerical results indicate that the connecting separation angles resulted in the difference of failure modes and the mechanical behavior of the connections was similar to the behavior of CFST short columns.
2008年S1期 108-113页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 627K] [下载次数：139 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：22 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Jui-Sheng Chou;
The cost-efficacy control of maintenance operations in developing countries has become critical to the infrastructure asset management after highway construction. To effectively manage numerous projects annually with limited resources, it is necessary to reasonably estimate costs during the process of making maintenance project selection decisions. This study outlines the modeling of case-based reasoning (CBR) estimation that compares and retrieves the most similar instance across the case library. Four CBR approaches were presented and assessed in terms of their mean absolute prediction error rates. The resulting model demonstrates the ability of estimating the pavement maintenance project costs with the satisfactory accuracy at the early stages.
2008年S1期 114-120页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 84K] [下载次数：125 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：15 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - I. Ourdev;S. AbouRizk;
This paper presents the initial steps to integrating a distributed discrete event simulation system with a framework for intelligent software agents. The resulting system has a simulation component that is based on the high-level architecture (HLA) and an agent component that implements the belief-desire-intention (BDI) approach to agent modelling. The architecture is connected to a real-time information source. The framework was successfully applied to a real-life monitoring system for a tunnel-boring machine excavation project that helped with forecasting and managing the project timelines in response to the changes in the uncertain excavation environment. This project is presented as a test case and demonstrates encouraging results for integrative modelling of large-scale problems with elements of uncertainty.
2008年S1期 121-125页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 178K] [下载次数：108 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：4 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Mohamed Nour;Karl Beucke;
The IFC initiative from the International Alliance of Interoperability has been developing since the mid-nineties through several versions. This paper addresses the problem of binding the growing number of IFC versions and their EXPRESS definitions to programming environments (Java and .NET). The solution developed in this paper automates the process of generating early binding classes, whenever a new version of the IFC model is released. Furthermore, a runtime instantiation of the generated early binding classes takes place by importing IFC-STEP ISO 10303-P21 models. The user can navigate the IFC STEP model with relevance to the defining EXPRESS-schema, modify, delete, and create new instances. These functionalities are considered to be a basis for any IFC based implementation. It enables researchers to experiment the IFC model independently from any software application.
2008年S1期 126-131页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 275K] [下载次数：109 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：12 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Peter Degebrodt;Marcus Mejstrik;Frank Rackwitz;Stavros Savidis;Frank Schley;Klaus-Peter Holz;
An internet-based information and monitoring platform for the specific requirements of geotechnical engineering projects is presented. The platform is based on a hybrid-model approach consisting of a model-based information management system and a resource management system, the latter also referred to as DCMS. Project key information can be accessed via the main user interface, the "graphical navigator". The graphical navigator provides also a direct access to additional information in the DCMS. Prompt reac-tion in exceptional situations as well as in daily work gets an extensive support. In practical applications it has been proven that this platform seems to be an adequate tool especially for risk assessment and management in geotechnical engineering projects. Components and advantages of the platform as well as ex periences from the applications are presented and discussed in the paper.
2008年S1期 132-137页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 391K] [下载次数：207 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：3 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Jrg Isele;Georg Bretthauer;
For refurbishment and state review of an existing old building, a new model reflecting the current state is often required especially when the original plans are no longer accessible. Laser scanners are used more and more as surveying instruments for various applications because of their high-precision scanning abilities. For buildings, the most notable and widely accepted product data model is the IFC product data model. It is designed to cover the whole lifecycle and supported by various software vendors and enables applications to efficiently share and exchange project information. The models obtained with the laser scanner, normally sets of points ("point cloud"), have to be transferred to an IFC compatible building information model to serve the needs of different planning states. This paper presents an approach designed by the German Research Center in Karlsruhe (Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe) to create an IFC compatible building information model from laser range images. The methodology through the entire process from data acquisition to the IFC compatible product model was proposed in this paper. In addition, IFC-Models with different level of detail (LoDs) were introduced and discussed within the work.
2008年S1期 138-144页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 284K] [下载次数：159 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：4 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Renate Fruchter;Shubashri Swaminathan;Naohiro Matsumura;Yukio Ohsawa;
Architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) global project teamwork is communication intensive and relies heavily on synchronous and asynchronous information and collaboration technologies (ICT). We explore in this paper how an asynchronous ICT, called ThinkTank, reshaped the work practice of design-construction global teams, and how the interaction with this ICT reshaped the purpose and benefits of its use. ThinkTank is a web-based asynchronous collaboration and discussion forum. We introduce the influence diffusion model (IDM) that formalizes the process of identifying the influence of people, messages, and terms mathematically. Discovering who the influence leaders in project teams are can be beneficial and critical from a corporate management perspective, since they can guide or motivate the team towards successful actions and outcomes. We present the ThinkTank-IDM integrated system and its validation with a testbed of 53 AEC global team project archived in ThinkTank over 8 years.
2008年S1期 145-150页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 186K] [下载次数：37 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：2 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 胡文发;
In order to increase the productivity of construction industry, emerging technologies have been constantly introduced and applied in this traditional industry by pilot researchers. This paper provides an integrated model of radio-frequency identification (RFID) and four-dimensional Computer-Aided Design (4D CAD) in construction management. RFID involves the use of tags that collect data and transmit data. RFID can collect data by radio waves instead of light waves. RFID technology is surpassing barcode technology where light waves are easily blocked and barcode labels are easy to fall off or become unreadable due to dust, dirt, or other contaminants. 4D CAD which involves 3D construction models and construction schedules presents visualized construction process. Integration of RFID and 4D CAD in this paper built a dynamic construction management and control system which would reduce the time of capturing data on site and control quality of construction materials efficiently. Pilot test result shows that a construction manager can easily understand how and what a complicated construction project will be accomplished. Although further analysis is necessary, RFID and 4D CAD show promises of being a beneficial technology in construction management.
2008年S1期 151-157页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 750K] [下载次数：165 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：5 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 孙艺键;黄如福;陈岱林;李宏男;
With the rapid development of residential real estate market, risk evaluation has been an important task in the process of project. This paper describes a risk evaluation method for residential real estate projects based on fuzzy set theory which uses linguistic variables and respective fuzzy numbers to evaluate the factors. The primary weights of factors and evaluation of alternatives are determined by applying linguistic variables and fuzzy numbers. The notion of Shapley value is used to determine the global value of each factor in accomplishing the overall objective of the risk evaluation process, so the primary weights are revised, thus the importance of factors can be reflected more precisely. A major advantage of the method is that it allows experts and engineers to express their opinions on project risk evaluation in linguistic variables rather than crisp values. An illustration is presented to demonstrate the application of the method in risk evaluation. The results are consistent with the results calculated by conventional risk evaluation method. The research demonstrates that the method is objective and accurate, and is of an application value in the risk evaluation for residential real estate project.
2008年S1期 158-164页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 83K] [下载次数：361 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：55 ] |[阅读次数：1 ] - Albertus H. Olivier;Gert C. van Rooyen;Berthold Firmenich;Karl E. Beucke;
Currently, some commercial software applications support users to work in an integrated environment. However, this is limited to the suite of models provided by the software vendor and consequently it forces all the parties to use the same software. In contrast, the research described in this paper investigates ways of using standard software applications, which may be specialized for different professional domains. These are linked for effective transfer of information and a binding mechanism is provided to support consistency. The proposed solution was implemented using a CAD application and an independent finite element application in order to verify the theoretical aspects of this work.
2008年S1期 165-170页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 326K] [下载次数：17 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Jungsik Choi;Inhan Kim;
The purpose of this study is to suggest a way of optimized managing and sharing information between standard architectural drawings and construction documents in Korea architectural industry for automated code checking system by linked STEP and XML. To archive this purpose, the authors have analyzed current research and technical development for STEP and XML link and developed a prototype system for sharing information between model based drawings and XML based construction documents. Finally, the authors have suggested practical use scenario of sharing information through linked STEP and XML using test case of automatic code checking. In the paper, the possibility of constructing integrated architectural computing environment through exchange and sharing of drawing information and external data for the whole building life-cycle, from the conceptual design stage to the construction and maintenance stage has been examined. Automated code checking through linked STEP and XML could be enhanced through col-laboration business, more completed code, improved building performance, and reduced construction costs.
2008年S1期 171-178页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 1559K] [下载次数：83 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：8 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Manfred Breit;Manfred Vogel;Fritz Hubi;Fabian Mrki;Micheal Raps;
The objective of this ongoing joint research program is to determine how 3D/4D modeling, simulation and visualization of Products (buildings), Organizations and Processes (POP) can support lean construction. Initial findings suggest that Process Design Pattern may have the potential to intuitively support ICT based lean construction. We initiated a "Process Archeology" in order to reveal the requirements for tools that can support the planning, simulation and control of lean construction methods. First findings show that existing tools provide only limited support and therefore, we started to develop new methodologies and technologies to overcome these shortcomings. Through the introduction of Process Design Patterns, we intent to establish process thinking in the interdisciplinary POP design. Optimized construction processes may be synthesized with semi-automatic methods by applying Process Design Patterns on building structures. By providing process templates that integrate problem solution and expert knowledge, Process Design Patterns may have the potential to ensure high quality process models.
2008年S1期 179-184页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 597K] [下载次数：119 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：6 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Wolfgang Huhnt;Sven Richter;Felix Enge;
This paper presents an approach to handle different types of subsequent modifications in construction processes. It is focused on a formalized approach with the objective that effects of subsequent modifications are detected automatically. The approach presented in this paper makes use of an existing modeling technique specifically focused on construction processes. The modeling techniques result in a process description where all technological interdependencies between construction activities are considered and where consistency between the sequence of activities and the history of components is guaran-teed. This modeling technique is expanded by an existing concept for handling versions and dependencies between objects. The integration of these different concepts makes it possible to track effects of relevant types of subsequent modifications in construction processes on a formalized basis. Effects of subsequent modifications are detected by algorithms, different versions can be compared by algorithms and different versions are stored so that subsequent modifications are documented. The innovation of the approach presented is the completeness. Effects of different relevant types of subsequent modifications in construction processes are tracked on a formalized basis.
2008年S1期 185-191页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 916K] [下载次数：36 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Ivan Mutis;Raja R. A. Issa;
This research develops a methodology that helps actors in understanding information generated from multiple construction participants. It employs semiotic theory which approaches the interpreter's understanding of the role of the representations used in construction documents to communicate meanings to other participants. This strategy is designed to aid the interpreters' comprehension of the use of symbols. The symbols within the construction documents are forms of representations that take the form of a visual representation of a set of markers that describe a formal language, and of markers that are used to represent natural language as well as other possible representations, such as a collection of codes for indexing documents. Symbols are replaced by signs under the semiotics theory. The use of symbols as signs is this study's recognition of the relationship between the interpreter and the material quality of symbols. The semiotic analysis is an examination of the compromise between the meanings of a representation per se and the concept associated with the understanding of such representation.
2008年S1期 192-198页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 148K] [下载次数：54 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Tatsuo Terai;
This paper deals with the intermediate results of the development of a national standardized classification system called JCCS to ensure harmonized use of various kinds of information to be processed through the whole life cycle of construction projects in a nation-wide Japanese CALS/EC scheme. JCCS is planned to be a Japanese IFD and developped on the technical basis of ISO 12006-2 and 12006-3. Japan has currently no such an IFD-like library of terminologies which is to be an essential tool for the multiple and harmonized information processing, so that JCCS should be a key technology for the successful CALS/EC. First, the development concepts and related technologies are described. Second, evaluation of the current situation of information process in the construction industry is clarified, and followed by the requirements of the development of JCCS. In the main part, the current version of JCCS is outlined, major contents of which are the basic architecture of JCCS, JCCS schema, JCCS basic tables and the usage of JCCS in practice. Finally, future develoment in plan is briefly explained.
2008年S1期 199-204页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 504K] [下载次数：45 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：2 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Tejas Oza;
The contract change management (CCM) system is an online collaboration tool, which supports the contract change management process of new engineering contract (NEC) contract. It is currently used in practice on a wide range of civil, power, and building projects in the UK. The aim of this study is first to identify the tangible and intangible benefits of the system through a user survey; then to develop a framework to measure these benefits. A questionnaire survey is conducted, which reveals that CCM can help project teams improve process effectiveness, reduce risk of process failures, and increase the compliance with NEC requirements. Subsequently, a spreadsheet tool is developed to allow CCM users to calculate the tangible cost savings as a result of using the system. For intangible benefits, a change management maturity model (CM3) is developed, which provides a measurement framework for assessing the improvement of a project team's capability in dealing with contract changes.
2008年S1期 205-210页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 138K] [下载次数：92 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：9 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 曹瑾鑫;史其信;Der-Horng Lee;
Truck scheduling and storage allocation, as two separate subproblems in port operations, have been deeply studied in past decades. However, from the operational point of view, they are highly interdependent. Storage allocation for import containers has to balance the travel time and queuing time of each container in yard. This paper proposed an integer programming model handling these two problems as a whole. The objective of this model is to reduce congestion and waiting time of container trucks in the terminal so as to decrease the makespan of discharging containers. Due to the inherent complexity of the prob-lem, a genetic algorithm and a greedy heuristic algorithm are designed to attain near optimal solutions. It shows that the heuristic algorithm can achieve the optimal solution for small-scale problems. The solutions of small-and large-scale problems obtained from the heuristic algorithm are better than those from the genetic algorithm.
2008年S1期 211-216页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 288K] [下载次数：200 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：28 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Chin-Pang Jack Cheng;Gloria T. Lau;Kincho H. Law;
The objective of this paper is to introduce three semi-automated approaches for ontology mapping using relatedness analysis techniques. In the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry, there exist a number of ontological standards to describe the semantics of building models. Although the standards share similar scopes of interest, the task of comparing and mapping concepts among standards is challenging due to their differences in terminologies and perspectives. Ontology mapping is therefore necessary to achieve information interoperability, which allows two or more information sources to exchange data and to re-use the data for further purposes. The attribute-based approach, corpus-based approach, and name-based approach presented in this paper adopt the statistical relatedness analysis techniques to discover related concepts from heterogeneous ontologies. A pilot study is conducted on IFC and CIS/2 ontologies to evaluate the approaches. Preliminary results show that the attribute-based approach outperforms the other two approaches in terms of precision and F-measure.
2008年S1期 217-222页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 435K] [下载次数：48 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：5 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Yusuke Mizuno;Yozo Fujino;Keita Kataoka;Yoshihiro Matsumoto;
This paper represents a design and development of a mobile sensing unit as well as its prototype implementation for railway track monitoring. The unit consists of an ultra-small personal computer (PC), a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, an accelerometer and an ADC (Analog/Digital Converter) so that the unit can trace the route while capturing an acceleration response of a passenger vehicle. The unit enables more frequent and qualitative data acquisition compared with traditional and the state of the practice railway track inspection equipments. Locating disorder is the key of our unit, which has a reasonable accuracy of positioning with GPS data, existing facilities landmarks, and car acceleration responses. The proposed unit is a promising device for efficient properties management of railway agencies. The prototype implementation shows a result that car acceleration responses are related with the track displacements in low frequencies. The results also imply that sensor settlement on a vehicle floor, not axes or bogies, is effective for capturing track vertical displacements.
2008年S1期 223-227页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 463K] [下载次数：30 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 彭卫兵;宋亮亮;潘国帅;
The capacity that computer can solve more complex design problem was gradually increased. Bridge designs need a breakthrough in the current development limitations, and then become more intelligent and integrated. This paper proposes a new parametric and feature-based computer aided design (CAD) models which can represent families of bridge objects, includes knowledge representation, three-dimensional geometric topology relationships. The realization of a family member is found by solving first the geometric constraints, and then the topological constraints. From the geometric solution, constraint equations are constructed. Topology solution is developed by feature dependencies graph between bridge objects. Finally, feature parameters are proposed to drive bridge design with feature parameters. Results from our implementation show that the method can help to facilitate bridge design.
2008年S1期 228-233页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 260K] [下载次数：51 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：2 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - J. Bahoric;P. Nicholas;G. Ormston;
This paper examines the use of 3D electronic medium as a tool for procuring detailed design information for the Sandridge Bridge Travellers project. The Sandridge Bridge Travellers project required the production of 10 7.5 m of tall × 5 ― 12 m of wide figures under very tight programme and budget constraints. This was achieved through a synthesis of art and engineering, whereby structure and sculpture become one and the same. Traditional procurement routes would have entailed the production and interpretation of drawings and design details at all discipline interfaces before fabrication; an approach that was unfeasible given the constraints. Instead, The Travellers project saw a single electronic file pass backwards and forwards from client to architect, engineer, and fabricator, with information from the initial artistic concept work phases through to analysis, design, member scheduling and fabrication all integrated and facilitated by a single electronic medium. Key to the delivery was the use of 3D modeling and scripting programs that enabled the efficient use and development of design information through all stages of the design process. This enabled total integration of all trades requiring a collaborative approach where each party maintained joint ownership of the 3D design information from inception to conception.
2008年S1期 234-240页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 544K] [下载次数：37 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 张建平;张洋;胡振中;鹿明;
The paper presents applications of simplified discrete-event simulation (SDESA), and 4D-GCPSU, to the National Stadium of the Beijing 2008 Olympics. Taking into account influential factors, e.g., resource, spatial condition, and the randomness of the construction process, the installation process of the steel-structure was simulated and optimized by using genetic algorithm (GA) optimization methodology. The operations simulation shortened the installation duration by 39 days (about 16% of the original total duration), guided the manufacturers to plan the construction processes, and provided specific suggestions on the entry time of the installation components, resulting in resource allocation optimization, resource saving, and construction efficiency improvement. Combining with the optimized schedule, the 4D visualization environment can discover time-space conflicts timely, and may assist project managers to reschedule the construction activities in tune with the site layout and resource allocation.
2008年S1期 241-247页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 279K] [下载次数：244 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：7 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Per Christiansson;Kistian Birch Sφrensen;Mette Rφdtness;Mette Abrahamsen;Lars Ostenfeld Riemnann;Morten Alsdorf;
During the late years there has been an ever-increasing focus on the possibilities to change the building process to raise quality on the final building products as well as the activities of actors involved in the building process. One reason for this interest is the new opportunities evolving due to introduction of advanced information and communication technology (ICT). The paper focuses on creative changes of the building process powered by user driven innovation activities. An overview of existing user driven innovation methodologies is given as well experiences from the ongoing Virtual Innovation in Construction (VIC) project. One important driving force for change is the opportunity for users to develop and articulate real needs concerning for example different functionalities of a building and its parts, but also on artifacts supporting the actual needs capture and requirements formulation during building design. A general methodological framework and meta ontology for Virtual Innovation in Construction is presented as well as findings from implementation of the method.
2008年S1期 248-254页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 426K] [下载次数：45 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：6 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Kaj Sunesson;Carl Martin Allwood;Dan Paulin;Ilona Heldal;Mattias Roupé;Mikael Johansson;Brje Westerdahl;
The introduction of virtual reality (VR)-models in the city planning process will cause changes in the traditional roles of the involved parties. In order to better understand some of these changes, the events involving the use of VR-models in an architectural competition concerning rebuilding-proposals for the city library in a Swedish city were analyzed. The study shows that VR was introduced into the competition as an extra add-on and that the VR-presentation was experienced as useful by the jury. The transformation of the architects' contributions into VR was experienced as problematic by the architects, partly because they lost full control over the presentation. In the future architects are likely to have to produce the VR-models for their proposals themselves. This may make it more difficult for smaller architectural firms to enter the market but their proposals will be more accessible to a wider group of stakeholders.
2008年S1期 255-260页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 580K] [下载次数：211 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：9 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - CHAN Ying-Chieh;CHEN Ya-Hsin;KANG Shih-Chung;LEE Tim-Hau;
Laboratory class is very important in the education of hydraulic mechanics. However, it usually requires a high expenditure on equipment purchase and maintenance. Virtual equipment that renders the equipment in a virtual world and provides an interactive interface for users can be an ideal solution to reduce costs. In this research, we focus on developing virtual equipment for a Venturi tube experiment. We em-ployed multiple paper-prototypes to gather user feedback on the preliminary design. Following the final pro-totype, we then implemented the virtual equipment on computers. Interactive functions have been built into the virtual equipment. Users are able to manipulate the equipment and obtain real-time feedback as if they were using actual equipment. The results show that the development of the virtual equipment is technically feasible.
2008年S1期 261-265页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 376K] [下载次数：50 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：3 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 胡振中;张建平;邓资银;
Time-dependent structure analysis theory has been proved to be more accurate and reliable compared to commonly used methods during construction. However, so far applications are limited to partial period and part of the structure because of immeasurable artificial intervention. Based on the building informa-tion model (BIM) and four-dimensional (4D) technology, this paper proposes an improves structure analysis method, which can generate structural geometry, resistance model, and loading conditions automatically by a close interlink of the schedule information, architectural model, and material properties. The method was applied to a safety analysis during a continuous and dynamic simulation of the entire construction process. The results show that the organic combination of the BIM, 4D technology, construction simulation, and safety analysis of time-dependent structures is feasible and practical. This research also lays a foundation for further researches on building lifecycle management by combining architectural design, structure analysis, and construction management.
2008年S1期 266-272页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 270K] [下载次数：690 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：43 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Geoff Tindsley;Paul Stephenson;
E-tendering can be defined as the issue and receipt of tender documentation through electronic means which facilitates the procurement of construction work and the award of contracts. The current paper-based method of tendering has been commonplace within the industry for a significant number of years, but with recent technological advancements, this traditional process is rapidly becoming outdated. Several major projects within the UK are now being procured through the e-tendering process which includes the multibillion pound development for the Olympic Games in London 2012. However, while these prestigious projects are embracing e-tendering technology, it is not certain as to what extent e-tendering is used across the construction sector generally. This research is primarily concerned with establishing the current status, practicalities and resource effectiveness of e-tendering within UK construction. Results are provided from an in-dustry survey which includes both quantitative and qualitative data. A case study implementation is also in-cluded which assesses the utilisation of e-tendering software in practice. The research findings indicated that e-tendering can provide substantial resource savings to a major part of the supply chain, with the key benefits being enhanced communication, time savings and reduced costs. However, a considerable proportion of the industry remains uncertain about embracing new technologies, with reluctance to change being perceived as the greatest barrier. The findings suggest that many professionals within the UK construction industry recognise a requirement for increased implementation of e-tendering, but feel that training, education and support from senior management are essential requirements for e-tendering to become widely accepted in the future.
2008年S1期 273-278页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 111K] [下载次数：109 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：3 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Cynthia Changxin Wang;
Smooth communication is essential for the success of construction projects. As an easy-to-use, context-rich, and high-capacity communication tool, blogging is gaining popularity in construction industry. In this paper, the features of blogging technology and how it could benefit construction organizations are presented. To further improve the effectiveness of blogging technology in information and knowledge sharing, an ontology-based semantic blogging system is proposed. Semantic blogging is an extension of conventional blogging and ontology is the key enabling technology for it. Domain-ontology-based semantic blogging site is composed of a network of concepts, which are clearly defined and interlinked according to their context and bound to certain behaviors. This paper reports how the e-Cognos ontology was implemented into a blogging system and how the system functions to process its contents. The paper concludes that using on-tology-based semantic blogging site can greatly enhance information sharing between construction professionals and it is a very promising tool for construction communities to publish and share their experience.
2008年S1期 279-285页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 179K] [下载次数：72 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：3 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] This paper describes an empirical study on an augmented virtuality (AV)-based system dedicated for tele-inspection of built environments. This system is regarded as a solution that allows users to experience the real remote built environment without the need of physically stepping into that actual place. Such experience is realized by using AV technology to enrich the virtual counterparts of the place with captured real images from the real space. Those integrated into the AV environment are real photos that represent key landmarks/features of the real place, live video streams of on-site crew, and 3D virtual design geome-tries. The focus of this paper is the implementation and evaluation of the AV system in its current state as compared with traditional photo-based methods. Results from this preliminary empirical study show that the AV system achieves good overall satisfaction, although it involves certain general usability issues.
2008年S1期 286-291页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 810K] [下载次数：29 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] -
Function performance specification (FPS) is one of the value management (VM) techniques developed for the explicit statement of optimum product definition. This technique is widely used in software engineering and manufacturing industry, and proved to be successful to perform product defining tasks. This paper describes an FPS-oriented approach for construction briefing, which is critical to the successful delivery of construction projects. Three techniques, i.e., function analysis system technique, shared space, and computer-aided toolkit, are incorporated into the proposed approach. A computer-aided toolkit is developed to facilitate the implementation of FPS in the briefing processes. This approach can facilitate systematic, efficient identification, clarification, and representation of client requirements in trail running. The limitations of the approach and future research work are also discussed at the end of the paper.
2008年S1期 292-297页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 182K] [下载次数：30 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 马智亮;赵毅立;
Energy-efficient design for buildings (EEDB) is a vital step towards building energy-saving. In order to greatly improve the EEDB, the next generation EEDB software that makes use of latest technologies needs to be developed. This paper mainly focuses on establishing the model of the next generation EEDB software. Based on the investigation of literatures and the interviews to the designers, the requirements on the next generation EEDB software were identified, where the lifecycle assessment on both energy consumption and environmental impacts, 3D graphics support, and building information modeling (BIM) support were stressed. Then the workflow for using the next generation EEDB software was established. Finally, based on the workflow, the framework model for the software was proposed, and the partial models and the corresponding functions were systematically analyzed. The model lays a solid foundation for developing the next generation EEDB software.
2008年S1期 298-304页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 134K] [下载次数：315 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：21 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 潘佳怡;Chimay J. Anumba;
The dynamics of a construction project generates a huge amount of information for processing. Most project information is recorded in digital files and managed in a decentralized way. Current document management tools do not consider the semantic relationships between files and then cannot discover files based on their content or ensure information consistency across various information repositories. This paper presents a semantic-discovery method for accessing project information across repositories. By adopting semantic web technologies, including extensible markup language (XML), ontology, and logic rules, the semantic-discovery tool can access project files by their properties and relations. The method has been applied to searching for files using documents from a real project. The results show that the semantic content of a file can be used to ensure that only related files are retrieved.
2008年S1期 305-310页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 253K] [下载次数：70 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：2 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 徐峰;陈序平;任爱珠;陆新征;
For a disaster whose scale includes an urban area, it is difficult to be studied with physical experiments. Numerical simulation is found a very efficient tool for such problem. This paper aims at developing an integrated urban earthquake simulation system (UESS) that uses GIS as the model source, CAD as the model generating tools, FEA as damage prediction, and virtual reality (VR) as the post-process platform. An automatic procedure was developed to buildup the 3D structural model of buildings in an urban area, as well as to simulate their earthquake performances, from the digital map of GIS. And the simulation results were presented in an integrated interface with a GIS view-port for position finding, a CAD view-port for 3D structural damage identification, and a VR view-port for 3D dynamic structural vibration display. An urban example with more than 7000 buildings was select to demonstrate the feasibility of proposed system.
2008年S1期 311-316页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 764K] [下载次数：265 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：16 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Felix Enge;Wolfgang Huhnt;
Within the project preparation phase, experienced professionals manually map design information onto process information with the aim to develop realistic and practical schedules. Unfortunately, the mapping itself is neither part of any underlying data model nor is it supported by current scheduling tools. As a consequence the process of setting up the data model for a schedule is still not supported formally. Huhnt and Enge described a modelling technique that addresses the missing linkage between design and process information[1]. The approach makes use of so called component types. These are template sub-processes that describe the fabrication procedure of typical building components. Decomposing the building into com-ponents and assigning a component type to each component allows for formal support while scheduling. Depending on the decomposition of the building into components and the complexity of the involved component types the specification effort differs. The question about optimal component types arises: Which layout of building components and component types results in minimal specification effort? This paper presents a branch and bound algorithm to determine optimal component types. For a given schedule, which has been modelled based on component types, all possible decompositions into sub-processes are determined. During the decomposition process the encountered configurations are compared. Those with minimal specifica-tion effort are registered. Theoretical and practical examples are examined and discussed.
2008年S1期 317-324页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 271K] [下载次数：30 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Ahmed Khalafallah;
The United States real estate market is currently facing its worst hit in two decades due to the slowdown of housing sales. The most affected by this decline are real estate investors and home developers who are currently struggling to break-even financially on their investments. For these investors, it is of utmost importance to evaluate the current status of the market and predict its performance over the shortterm in order to make appropriate financial decisions. This paper presents the development of artificial neural network based models to support real estate investors and home developers in this critical task. The paper describes the decision variables, design methodology, and the implementation of these models. The models utilize historical market performance data sets to train the artificial neural networks in order to predict unforeseen future performances. An application example is analyzed to demonstrate the model capabili-ties in analyzing and predicting the market performance. The model testing and validation showed that the error in prediction is in the range between -2% and +2%.
2008年S1期 325-328页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 266K] [下载次数：66 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：4 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Karsten Menzel;丛子翔;Luke Allan;
Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has proved to be very effective in industries as diverse as aircraft manufacturing to health and care. The construction industry has been slow to take up on RFID and this paper will discuss the merits of the technology in its potential for application within the construction sector. The paper reports about the prototypical implementation of RFID-based information management in FM-scenarios. The prototypes were tested at University College Cork (UCC). The general applicability of RFID for decentralised information management could be demonstrated.
2008年S1期 329-335页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 917K] [下载次数：77 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：4 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Masahiko Nagai;Masafumi Ono;Ryosuke Shibasaki;
The Ontology registry system is developed to collect, manage, and compare ontological information for integrating global observation data. Data sharing and data service such as support of metadata deign, structuring of data contents, support of text mining are applied for better use of data as data interoperability. Semantic network dictionary and gazetteers are constructed as a trans-disciplinary dictionary. Ontological information is added to the system by digitalizing text based dictionaries, developing "knowledge writing tool" for experts, and extracting semantic relations from authoritative documents with natural language processing technique. The system is developed to collect lexicographic ontology and geographic ontology.
2008年S1期 336-342页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 292K] [下载次数：27 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 沈乔楠;安雪晖;
A new type of digital video monitoring system (DVMS) named user defined target tracking system (UDTTS), was developed based on the digital image processing (DIP) technology and the practice demands of construction site management in hydraulic engineering. The position, speed, and track of moving targets such as humans and vehicles, which could be calculated by their locations at anytime in images basically, were required for management. The proposed algorithm, dependent on the context-sensitive moving information of image sequences which was much more than one or two images provided, compared the blobs' properties in current frame to the trajectories of targets in the previous frames and then corresponded them. The processing frame rate is about 10fps with the image 240-by-120 pixels. Experimental results show that position, direction, and speed measurements have an accuracy level compatible with the manual work. The user-define process makes the UDTTS available to the public whenever appropriate.
2008年S1期 343-347页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 515K] [下载次数：89 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：8 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - GISKeisuke Uno;Kazuo Kashiyama;
This paper presents a simulation system for the disaster evacuation based on multi-agent model considering geographical information. This system consists of three parts, the modeling for the land and buildings using GIS data, the analysis of disaster evacuation using multi-agent model, and the visualization for the numerical results using the virtual reality technique. By introducing the numerical solver of the natural disaster to the present system, it is possible to evaluate not only the damage of structure but also the damage of human being. Furthermore, it is possible to investigate the appropriate evacuation route by the simulation. The Dijkstra algorithm is used to obtain shortest route to the refuge. In addition, the visualization using virtual reality technique is curried out to understand the feeling of refugee. The present system is applied to the evacuation analysis by the flood flow in urban area and is shown to be a useful tool to investigate the damage by natural disasters.
2008年S1期 348-353页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 1041K] [下载次数：195 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：26 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 马智亮;陆宁;顾卫华;
Large amounts of documents are exchanged during the construction phase of projects, which covers the important management information. To utilize the exchanged documents to support decisionmaking of the management staffs, the requirement analysis was carried out based on the interviews to the practitioners. A decision support system called Explyzer+ was developed based on the previous prototype system Explyzer. The latter was enhanced by adding the functions to automate the whole process and the techniques of data mining including decision tree analysis and clustering analysis. A case study for in-depth information analysis was conducted based on the data obtained from a large construction project to demonstrate its feasibility and effectiveness. The system could effectively assist the management staffs to carry out in-depth information analysis for decision-making in construction projects.
2008年S1期 354-361页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 345K] [下载次数：148 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：8 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Uwe Rueppel;Kai Marcus Stuebbe;
The imminence of terrorist activities and the necessity of the maximum possible disaster preparedness in the sense of indoor-navigation support have been brought to evidence by several catastrophes, e.g., the fire at Istanbul Airport in May 2006 or the terror attacks on the London Underground on July 7, 2005. Since 2001 ten terror attacks have been thwarted only in Great Britain. For that reason the aim of the presented research project is to develop a solution for response and recovery to support rescuers in finding the shortest way within a public building and provide them with important information in their particular spa-tial context. Existing building information models (BIM) are used for displaying plans on mobile devices and for routing purposes. The indoor navigation system is based on wireless LAN (WLAN), ultra-wide-band (UWB), and radio frequency identification (RFID). These technologies are described in detail and an overview on data formats which are used to retrieve building data out of the BIM for generating routing networks is given.
2008年S1期 362-367页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 404K] [下载次数：526 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：27 ] |[阅读次数：3 ] - Kenichi Sugihara;Yoshitugu Hayashi;
Based on building footprints (building polygons) on digital maps, we are proposing the GIS and CG integrated system that automatically generates 3D building models with multiple roofs. Most building polygons' edges meet at right angles (orthogonal polygon). The integrated system partitions orthogonal building polygons into a set of rectangles and places rectangular roofs and box-shaped building bodies on these rectangles. In order to partition an orthogonal polygon, we proposed a useful polygon expression in deciding from which vertex a dividing line is drawn. In this paper, we propose a new scheme for partitioning building polygons and show the process of creating 3D roof models.
2008年S1期 368-374页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 1060K] [下载次数：62 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：1 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Lucio Soibelman;James H Garrett;
In this paper, we describe an image enhancement and interpretation methodology to enhance and recognize surface defects and critical patterns from remote imagery of sewer pipeline inspection. The objective is to provide inspectors and professionals with better tools to allow them to examine the imagery for condition assessment. We present initial results of a collaboration with a robotic company through a case study on computer-assisted processing and interpretation of sewer pipeline inspection imagery. In the mean time, the described enhancement and interpretation methodology can also be applied to sewer pipeline condition assessment in an offline mode, where this methodology can support professionals' examination of acquired sewer condition imagery.
2008年S1期 375-380页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 330K] [下载次数：49 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Karsten Menzel;Dirk Pesch;Brendan O'Flynn;Marcus Keane;Cian O'Mathuna;
Currently, the IT-support for energy performance rating of buildings is insufficient. So-called IT-platforms often "built" of an ad-hoc, inconsistent combination of off-the-shelf building management compo-nents, distributed data metering equipment and several monitoring software tools. A promising approach to achieve consistent, holistic performance data management is the implementation of an integrated, modular wireless sensor platform. This paper presents an approach of how wireless sensors can be seamlessly integrated into existing and future intelligent building management systems supporting improved building performance and diagnostics with an emphasis on energy management.
2008年S1期 381-386页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 557K] [下载次数：118 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：8 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 史健勇;李引擎;陈虎传;
With the development of information technology, the fire safety assessment of whole structure or region based on the computer simulation has become a hot topic. However, traditionally, the concerned studies are performed separately for different objectives and difficult to perform an overall evaluation. A new multi-dimensional integration model and methodology for fire safety assessment were presented and two newly developed integrated systems were introduced to demonstrate the function of integration simulation technology in this paper. The first one is the analysis on the fire-resistant behaviors of whole structure under real fire loads. The second one is the study on fire evaluation and emergency rescue of campus based on geography information technology (GIS). Some practical examples are presented to illuminate the advantages of computer integration technology on fire safety assessment and emphasize some problems in the simulation. The results show that the multi-dimensional integration model offers a new way and platform for the integrating fire safety assessment of whole structure or region, and the integrated software developed is the useful engineering tools for cost-saving and safe design.
2008年S1期 387-392页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 456K] [下载次数：303 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：4 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Somsak Swaddiwudhipong;Edy Harsono;
The advances in the instrumented indentation equipments and the need to assess the properties of materials of small volume such as those constitute the micro-electro-mechanical devices, micro-electronic packages, and thin films have propelled the interest in material characterization via indentation tests. The load-displacement curves and their characteristics, namely, the curvature of the loading path, C, and the ratio of the remaining and total work done, WR / WT, can be conveniently obtained from finite element simulations for various elasto-plastic material properties. The paper reports the comparative study on two reverse neural networks algorithms involving several combinations of databases established from the results obtained from simulated indentation tests. The performance of each set of results is analyzed and the most appropriate algorithm identified and reported. The approach with the selected neural networks model has great potential in practical applications on the characterization of a small volume of materials.
2008年S1期 393-399页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 1655K] [下载次数：27 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Hitoshi FURUTA;Ken ISHIBASHI;Koichiro NAKATSU;Shun HOTTA;
The purpose of this research is to propose an early restoration for lifeline systems after earthquake disasters. The previous researches show that the optimization of the restoration schedule by using genetic algorithm (GA) is powerful. However, those are not considering the uncertain environment after earthquake disasters. The circumstances of the damage at devastated areas are very changeable due to the aftershock, fire disaster and bad weather. In addition, the restoring works may delay by unexpected accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain the restoration schedule which has robustness, because the actual restoring works could not progress smoothly under the uncertain environment. GA considering uncertainty (GACU) can treat various uncertainties involved, but it is difficult to obtain the robust schedule. In this study, an attempt is made to develop a decision support system of the optimal restoration scheduling by using the improved GACU.
2008年S1期 400-405页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 211K] [下载次数：34 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：6 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Mario Berges;Ethan Goldman;H. Scott Matthews;Lucio Soibelman;
The growing interest in energy-efficient buildings is driving changes in investment, design, and occupant behavior. To better focus cost and resource conservation efforts, electricity consumption feedback can be used to provide motivation, guidance, and verification. Disaggregating by end-use helps both consumers and producers to identify targets for conservation. While hardware-based sub-metering is costly and labor-intensive, non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is capable of gathering detailed energy-use data with minimal equipment cost and installation time. However, variations in measurements between metering devices complicate the process of compiling the necessary appliance profiles. Future work involves the devel-opment of NILM algorithms using sensor fusion and detailed appliance-level data gathered from a highly-sensed house currently being constructed near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
2008年S1期 406-411页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 143K] [下载次数：77 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：9 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - Tomosato Takada;Kazuo Kashiyama;
This paper presents an urban modeling system using CAD/GIS data for atmosphere environmental simulation, such as wind flow and contaminant spread in urban area. The CAD data is used for the shape modeling for the high-storied buildings and civil structures with complicated shape since the data for that is not included in the 3D-GIS data accurately. The unstructured mesh based on the tetrahedron element is employed in order to express the urban structures with complicated shape accurately. It is difficult to understand the quality of shape model and mesh by the conventional visualization technique. In this paper, the stereoscopic visualization using virtual reality (VR) technology is employed for the verification of the quality of shape model and mesh. The present system is applied to the atmosphere environmental simulation in urban area and is shown to be an useful planning and design tool to investigate the atmosphere environmental problem.
2008年S1期 412-417页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 476K] [下载次数：103 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：5 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] - 吴立志;任爱珠;
Fire statistics and fire analysis have become important ways for us to understand the law of fire, prevent the occurrence of fire, and improve the ability to control fire. According to existing fire statistics, the weighted fire risk calculating method characterized by the number of fire occurrence, direct economic losses, and fire casualties was put forward. On the basis of this method, meanwhile having improved K-mean clustering arithmetic, this paper established fire risk K-mean clustering model, which could better resolve the automatic classifying problems towards fire risk. Fire risk cluster should be classified by the absolute distance of the target instead of the relative distance in the traditional cluster arithmetic. Finally, for applying the established model, this paper carried out fire risk clustering on fire statistics from January 2000 to December 2004 of Shenyang in China. This research would provide technical support for urban fire management.
2008年S1期 418-422页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 259K] [下载次数：165 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：5 ] |[阅读次数：0 ] <正>Tsinghua Science and Technology(Tsinghua Sci Technol),a comprehensive academic journal sponsored by Tsinghua University,is published bimonthly.This journal aims at presenting the up-to-date scientific achievements with high creativity and great significance in various engineering fields and in mathematical sciences,life
2008年S1期 423页 [查看摘要][在线阅读][下载 286K] [下载次数：9 ] |[网刊下载次数：0 ] |[引用频次：0 ] |[阅读次数：0 ]